Prevalence And Patterns Of Contraceptive Utilisation Among Small And Medium Business Women Of Reproductive Age

Abstract

The use of contraceptives among small and medium business women of reproductive age is a critical health issue globally, yet its prevalence and social determinants remain inadequately documented in the rural areas of Oyo State, Nigeria. This research examined the frequency, trends, and socioeconomic determinants of contraceptive use among women of reproductive age in this area. This study employed a descriptive correlational research design targeting small and medium business women aged 15-49 years attending government-owned health facilities in Akinyele LGA. Using multistage sampling techniques, 385 participants were recruited. Data collection utilised a structured questionnaire that was translated into Yoruba and validated for reliability (Cronbach's Alpha = 0.75). SPSS version 23 was used for the analysis, which included both descriptive (frequencies, percentages) and inferential (logistic and multiple regression models) statistics to assess the associations between social variables and the use of contraceptives.The study revealed low overall contraceptive prevalence among participants. Injectable methods (27.9%) and implants (22.7%) were the predominant contraceptive choices, while bilateral tubal ligation showed zero uptake. The use of contraceptives was not significantly predicted by social variables, peer influence (β = -0.027, p > 0.05), parental influence (β = -0.007, p > 0.05), or societal norms (β = 0.060, p > 0.05), according to multiple regression analysis. However, socioeconomic factors showed significant associations: urban residence strongly predicted higher contraceptive use (OR = 10.389, p < 0.01), while higher income levels above ₦100,000 demonstrated a significant negative association (OR = 0.057, p < 0.01).

This study identified low contraceptive prevalence in a rural part of Oyo State, with injectable contraceptives and implants being the preferred methods. Traditional social influences did not significantly impact contraceptive decisions, whereas residential setting and income level emerged as crucial determinants. These findings demonstrate the need for advocacy to improve accessibility to family planning services, while addressing economic factors, particularly in rural areas, for the improvement of the adoption of contraceptives among reproductive-aged women.