The Algerian Treasury And Its Resources During The Ottoman Period (1519-1830)

Abstract

The economic history of Algeria during the modern period, specifically under Ottoman rule (1519-1830), represents a significant phase in Algeria’s general history. During this period – except for perhaps the last three decades – Algeria experienced economic prosperity, with revenues exceeding expenditures, and the financial resources of the Regency being abundant and varied.
Algeria's economic foundations during the modern period were diverse and rich, with thriving economic activities due to a combination of natural factors such as diverse resources, fertile land, a moderate and varied climate, and a strategic geographical position linking continents and countries. Additionally, human factors contributed significantly, including the craftsmanship, diligence, and strong work ethic of Algerian workers, as well as interactions and influences from other civilizations, like the remnants of Andalusian culture and skilled Christian captives, who helped urban centers, especially coastal ones, to flourish.
During the modern era, Algeria’s economy encompassed various activities. Agricultural production was thriving, with production methods advanced for the time, yielding plentiful outputs that not only met domestic market needs but also exceeded them. Industrial activity also diversified and generally prospered, with numerous crafts and trades spreading across cities and rural areas alike. Algerian artisans gained renown throughout Algeria, and Algerian products became known in different parts of the world.
Thanks to the abundance of agricultural products and the diversity of industrial production, coupled with Algeria’s active internal and external markets, trade flourished both domestically and internationally. Markets, shops, and trade fairs became widespread, and foreign trade occurred with numerous countries and regions, from the Maghreb countries to Africa and the Islamic East, reaching as far as Europe. Overall, Algeria’s trade balance was favorable, with exports outweighing imports.
At that time, the Algerian treasury was wealthy and well-stocked, attracting the envy of other nations. Most of its resources came from maritime warfare spoils, as Algeria was a significant naval power in the western Mediterranean, competing with the world's major powers of that era. This naval strength bolstered Algeria’s political stature and brought substantial financial revenues through spoils or ransom payments for Christian captives, whom foreign nations were compelled to redeem, or through tributes imposed on countries as part of peace agreements with Algeria.