The Impact Of Radiology On Surgical Planning: Using Imaging To Guide Procedures

Abstract

Radiology plays a pivotal role in modern surgical practices, facilitating precise preoperative planning and intraoperative guidance. This review examines the transformative impact of radiological imaging on surgical procedures, emphasizing advancements in image-guided surgery. Preoperative planning harnesses computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to construct detailed 3D models, optimizing surgical approaches. Computer-assisted software enhances precision by simulating resections and analyzing tissue margins. Intraoperative guidance integrates imaging with tracking technologies, enabling real-time visualization of surgical instruments relative to anatomical structures. Neurosurgery, abdominal surgery, and other specialties benefit from these techniques, with ultrasound-based systems proving particularly promising. Fluorescence imaging aids in visualizing intricate structures and delineating tumor margins. Challenges include registration accuracy and workflow integration, addressed through ongoing research in registration algorithms and user-friendly interfaces. Future directions encompass augmented reality and artificial intelligence integration, promising further enhancements in surgical planning and execution. This comprehensive review highlights the indispensable role of radiology in modern surgical practices, driving improvements in patient outcomes and procedural efficacy.