Aerosol Generating Procedures And Associated Control/Mitigation Measures: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Aerosol generating procedures (AGPs) have come under increased scrutiny due to their potential to spread infectious diseases, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. AGPs are medical procedures that can produce airborne particles, posing risks to healthcare workers and patients. This article provides a comprehensive review of AGPs and the associated control and mitigation measures. The types of AGPs, including respiratory procedures, surgical procedures, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation, are discussed, along with the mechanisms of aerosol generation. The risk of infectious disease transmission during AGPs is explored, with evidence from various studies highlighting the potential for the spread of respiratory viruses, bacteria, and other pathogens. To minimize the risks associated with AGPs, a multi-faceted approach involving engineering controls, administrative controls, and personal protective equipment (PPE) is necessary. Engineering controls, such as negative pressure rooms and high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filtration, aim to reduce the spread of aerosols. Administrative controls, including patient screening, isolation precautions, and staff training, focus on minimizing exposure and modifying work practices. PPE, such as respirators, eye protection, and gowns, acts as a barrier to prevent inhalation and contact with infectious particles. However, challenges exist in implementing these control measures effectively, including PPE shortages, staff compliance, and infrastructure limitations. Ongoing research is crucial to better understand the characteristics of aerosols generated during AGPs and to develop innovative control strategies. This article emphasizes the importance of a collaborative approach among healthcare organizations, policymakers, and researchers to prioritize the safety of healthcare workers and patients during AGPs and to ensure the effective implementation of evidence-based control measures.