The Role Of Microbiome In The Development And Progression Of Periodontal Diseases

Abstract

Periodontal disease (PD) is a multifaceted and contagious condition that originates from a disturbance in the balance of microorganisms. This condition triggers an immune reaction in the body, causing harm to the soft and connective tissues that support the teeth. Furthermore, in severe instances, it might lead to the loss of teeth. The causative causes of PDs have been extensively studied, however the underlying mechanisms of PD have not yet been fully elucidated. Several variables influence the cause and development of PD. The beginning and extent of the illness may be influenced by microbiological factors, genetic predisposition, and lifestyle choices. The immune system's defensive reaction to the buildup of plaque and associated enzymes is recognized as a significant contributor to PD. The oral cavity is inhabited by a distinct and intricate bacteria that forms various biofilms across all mucosal and tooth surfaces. The objective of this review was to provide the most recent advancements in the literature about ongoing issues with PD and to emphasize the significance of the oral microbiome in maintaining periodontal health and managing illness. Enhanced awareness and understanding of the variables that contribute to dysbiosis, environmental risk factors, and periodontal treatment help mitigate the increasing global occurrence of periodontal diseases. Implementing strategies to promote proper dental hygiene, restricting smoking and alcohol intake, managing stress levels, and providing complete treatment to lessen the harmful effects of oral biofilm may effectively lower the prevalence of periodontal disease (PD) and other associated conditions. The growing body of evidence connecting oral microbiome disorders to systemic diseases has enhanced our comprehension of the crucial role played by the oral microbiome in regulating numerous physiological processes within the human body, thereby influencing the onset of various diseases.