Transformations In Karaikal: From Secularization To Professional Training, Slave Trade Impact, And Currency Evolution In The 18th Century

Abstract

The epoch of French influence in Karaikal stands as a pivotal juncture in the societal annals of the region, ushering in profound transformations with the advent of the French, deeply entrenched norms governing the lives of the local populace underwent discernible modifications across the spectrum of the caste system, customs, and social conduct. Notably, Karaikal distinguished itself as a bastion of religious amity, where Hindus, Muslims, Christians, and Europeans coexisted harmoniously, fostering an atmosphere of unity and tranquillity. Despite the Hindu inclination towards spiritual pursuits over worldly endeavors and the perceived divergence between native Hindus and Europeans, daily life exhibited a conspicuous absence of overt animosity. While reservations lingered, particularly regarding European practices such as beef consumption and association with untouchables, overt hostility remained conspicuously absent in their interactions. A case in point is exemplified by Arunachala Sabapathi, a merchant from the Vellala community, hosting a convivial gathering for Europeans, illustrating a shared sense of unity in their quotidian lives despite underlying disparities in beliefs. The reluctance of Hindus to engage in communal dining or physical contact with Europeans served as a poignant reflection of a cultural schism. Within the Christian community, bifurcated into Roman Catholics and Protestants, an implicit adherence to the caste system manifested itself in matrimonial unions among converts from Hinduism.