Transformation of Women’s Role in Bhutan

Abstract

When Bhutan ratified CEDAW (United Nation Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women) in 1981, only subtle gender discriminations were reported in its periodic report to the commission. However, several literatures argue that the discrimination goes beyond subtle and there are deep rooted traditional beliefs and culture that prevents women from advancing socially and professionally. Using literature review, this paper examines the transformation of Bhutanese women from being procreational mediums to leaders, entrepreneurs and role models. The findings show that one of the most important factors that promoted women’s growth is the progression of education from monastic education exclusive to men to modern education that included women, the matriarchal tradition that gave women more decision-making power at the household level, recognition of women’s contribution to the economy by the government and the economic development of the country which promoted women’s growth and welfare. Despite all the progress, this paper argues that there is still work to be done to reduce the existing gender gaps.