Discourse on the Study of Political Leadership and Democracy: Between 'Democratic Welfare State' and 'Shadow Democracy’

Abstract

The quality of democracy in each country and neighboring countries is contingent upon the political leadership in place. The present literature review aims to provide an overview and analysis of political leadership and its correlation with democracy in developed countries, specifically focusing on Indonesia. Performance democracy is a term used in the intellectual discourse of European and American countries to refer to the preservation of efficient political leadership within the context of a "prosperous, democratic state." The preeminent discussion topics about the deterioration of democratic standards in Indonesia are civil society involvement and populism.