PUTRU MEJEJIWAAN: COSMOLOGICAL DISCOURSE IN PANCABALI KRAMA CEREMONY AT BESAKIH TEMPLE

Abstract

The purpose of  this study was to uncover, understand, and describe in depth the cosmological discourse in Putru Majejiwan  at the Pancabalikrama ceremony at  Besakih Temple.  Putru Majejiwan  is not fully understood by Hindus in Bali and this text is popular compared to other putru texts because it is always recited during the ceremonies of Dewa Yadnya and Bhuta Yadnya in the level of ngenteg linggih ceremony (purification of Ida Hyang Widhi stana) and is still practiced by Hindus until now.

This research uses qualitative methods with research data sources are Putru Majejiwan and Pancabalikrama ceremony  at Besakih Temple. Field data were obtained from ceremonial activities and existing research results. All data obtained through techniques, observations, interviews, and literature studies were analyzed using legion theory, functional structure, and literary reception theory, which were presented in a descriptive-interpretive manner.

The data shows that: the underlying reasons  for Putru majejiwan are discussed: (1)  Theological reasons, Majejiwan  is  dialogued by two people, namely Shiva priests and Buddhist priests and it is as if the dialogue is not the priest, but God Almighty; (2) Socioreligious reasons, the involvement of Hindus in the performance of ceremonies gives rise to relations among the devotees, both individually and in groups; (3) The philosophical reason is that when the natural conditions of the Universe are not harmonious, caused by various influences, the universe is filled with bad energy, then the elemental properties of bhutakala stand out.

The ritual process  is centered in the Bale Paselang, that the presence of God is believed to be purusa  (cetana / consciousness)  and pradana / acetana (material).   These two basic principles first existed before the others and led to the existence of the universe and its contents through the process of cosmic evolution.

Implications for Balinese society,  humans can get closer to  the Creator in an effort to fix all elements of the world and humans for the survival of the universe and living things.