Relationships Of Vitamin D And Vitamin B12 With Malonaldehyde In Patients With Beta Thalassemia Major

Abstract

Background: Beta thalassemia major (Cooley's anemia) is a congenital genetic blood disorder resulting from a deficiency of β-globin chains due to severe anemia that depends on continuous blood transfusions for survival. Patients suffer from hemoglobinopathy, infection, diabetes mellitus, growth retardation, enlargement and damage to the liver and spleen, bone marrow aplasia and delayed sexual maturity. This complication arises due to the accumulation of iron, the impairment of antioxidants from vitamins, and an increase in lipid peroxides (MDA).
Objectives: The study aimed to evaluate vitamin D and B12 levels and their relationship with MDA, liver enzymes (AST, ALT, ALP), iron and (Total Billirubin, Direct Billirubin, Indirect Billirubin).
Materials and methods: The samples of BTM patients under study were (100 samples), (50 samples) for both males and females. Patients' ages ranged from (2-30 years). While the control sample was (40), with (20 samples) for each of the two sexes. Their ages ranged from (2-30 years). Their disease was confirmed by blood tests, hemoglobin electrophoresis, DNA analysis, and elevated ferritin levels. Vitamin D and B12 levels were assessed by immunoassay. While (MDA, Fe, AST, ALT, ALP) and (Total Billirubin, Direct Billirubin, Indirect Billirubin) were evaluated by colorimetric methods.
Results: Vitamin D and B12 levels decreased significantly (p≤0.05). While the levels of (MDA, Fe, AST, ALT, ALP) and (Total Billirubin, Direct Billirubin, Indirect Billirubin) increased significantly at (p≤0.05) in BTM patients compared with the control group. Where the effect of the disease according to the results was clear in patients with age.

conclusion: Our results indicate that the weakness of the antioxidant systems (vitamin D and B12) with the increase in oxidative factors resulting from the complications of the disease led to the exacerbation of the disease with iron overload, causing an increase in the levels of liver enzymes in the blood, damaging the liver and spleen.