“In Vivo Delivery Systems For CAR T-Cell Therapy: Progress And Challenges”
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Abstract
CAR T cell therapy, which genetically modifies T cells to target tumor antigens, has emerged as a viable immunotherapy strategy for the treatment of cancer. Notwithstanding its promising outcomes, CAR T cell treatment encounters some obstacles, including as toxicities like cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and "on-target, off-tumor" effects, logistical issues associated with production, and transport limitations in the in vivo setting. Many ways have been explored to overcome these obstacles, such as scaffold-based approaches, transfection using nanoparticles, safety switches, and the investigation of allogeneic "off-the-shelf" CAR T cells. Suicide genes and apoptosis-inducing pathways are examples of safety switches that may be used to reduce side effects without sacrificing the effectiveness of treatment. By facilitating the transfer of messenger RNA (mRNA) into T cells and stimulating the expression of CARs, nanoparticle-mediated transfection may be able to address long-term toxicity issues related to CAR T cell treatment. The goal of scaffold-based methods is to produce more CAR T cells outside of living things by creating an environment that is conducive to cell growth. Furthermore, the investigation of allogeneic "off-the-shelf" CAR T cells may be able to address the practical difficulties related to autologous CAR T cell therapy; nonetheless, issues with immune rejection and graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) still need to be addressed. In conclusion, even though CAR T cell therapy has a lot of potential to treat cancer, its widespread application depends on resolving issues with toxicity, production, and in vivo hurdles. To fully utilize CAR T cell therapy's potential to improve cancer patient outcomes, more research and innovation in these fields are required.